{"id":5567,"date":"2020-07-22T15:48:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T12:48:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paruslife.ru\/?p=5567"},"modified":"2020-07-22T15:48:47","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T12:48:47","slug":"dmitrij-shostakovich-biografiya-na-anglijskom-kratkaya-biografiya-shostakovicha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paruslife.ru\/vse-stati\/dmitrij-shostakovich-biografiya-na-anglijskom-kratkaya-biografiya-shostakovicha.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dmitri Shostakovich<\/b> was a Soviet composerand pianist, and a prominent figure of 20th-century music.<\/p>\n

Shostakovich was born in St. Petersburg in 1906 and educated at the Petrograd Conservatory. The acid style of his early Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk irritated Stalin, and Shostakovich was attacked in the Soviet press. Fearing imprisonment, he withdrew his already rehearsed Fourth Symphony; his Fifth Symphony (1937) carried the subtitle \u00abA Soviet Artist\u2019s Reply to Just Criticism.\u00bb It is more ingenious than most critics have fathomed, for it managed to satisfy both the backward tastes of the party censors and those of more demanding aesthetes in the West.<\/p>\n

The 1941 German invasion of Russia inspired the composer\u2019s Seventh Symphony, subtitled \u00abLeningrad.\u00bb Impressed by the symphony\u2019s epic-heroic character, Toscanini, Koussevitzky, and Stokowski vied for the Western Hemisphere premiere; the score had to be microfilmed, flown to Teheran, driven to Cairo, and flown out. The work became an enormous success the world over, but eventually fell into obscurity. Still, the composer had for a time become a worldwide celebrity, his picture even appearing on the cover of Time.<\/p>\n

Shostakovich ran afoul of the government again in 1948, when an infamous decree was issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party accusing Shostakovich, Prokofiev, and other prominent composers of \u00abformalist perversions.\u00bb For some time he wrote mostly works glorifying Soviet life or history. Artistic repression diminished in post-Stalinist Russia, but curiously Shostakovich still drew in his modernist horns until the Thirteenth Symphony, \u00abBabi Yar,\u00bb a 1962 work based on poems by Yevgeny Yevtushenko. The work provoked major controversy because of its first movement\u2019s subject: Russian oppression of the Jews.<\/p>\n

In 1966 Shostakovich wrote his Second Cello Concerto, a work on an even higher level than his solid First, but one that has yet to capture as much attention from either artists or the public. That year, Shostakovich was diagnosed with a serious heart condition. He continued to compose, his works growing more sparsely scored and darker, the subject of death becoming prominent. His Fourteenth Symphony (1969), really a collection of songs on texts by Lorca, Apollinaire, K\u00fcchelbecker, and Rilke, is a death-obsessed work of considerable dissonance and showing little regard for the Socialist Realism still demanded by the state. Shostakovich died on August 9, 1975.<\/p>\n

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